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Tende

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Category: Genre

Summary

Tuareg women-led vocal/percussion and dance/meeting practices, named for a mortar drum and associated gathering; contemporary guitar adaptations retain but transform this inheritance. [1] [2]

Contemporary and trending

Tende-guitar adaptations bring women-led community song into new ensemble and touring settings. Illighadad is a documented case within Niger’s varied musical landscape, not a template for all Tuareg practice. [1]

History

The repertoire is associated with gatherings, social relationships and inherited women’s performance. Ethnographic work distinguishes these histories from the later commercial and transnational economy of guitar music. [2]

Musical characteristics

The tende is a drum made using a mortar and stretched skin. Singing, response, handclaps and movement organize the gathering; guitar adaptations change its texture and public presentation. [1]

Geography and communities

Tuareg communities of Niger, northern Mali and southern Algeria, with specific local variants. Settled and displaced communities and staged adaptations; Illighadad/Tahoua provides a documented southern Niger case. [1] [2]

Artists

Les Filles de Illighadad exemplify a documented contemporary adaptation. Women singers and percussionists in community gatherings are the broader foundation of the practice. [1]

Representative performances

MuGlobe listening profile
Repertoire Field use Notes
traditional regional Comprehensive catalogue; recent discovery is prioritized and worthwhile older music remains playable. Preserve specific recording contexts and dates.
MuGlobe representative performances
Artist Performance / song / title Embedded player URL Notes Repertoire kind Repertoire date Recording date Format Opening Places Fit Evidence Review note MuGlobe favorite Current hit Authentic
Les Filles de Illighadad Les Filles de Illighadad - Tende (live @TivoliVredenburg Utrecht) https://www.youtube.com/embed/HIAOG9nhrt8 Tende, actual traditional Niger song with guitar adaptation at Tivoli Vredenburg. Primary VPRO credits Fatou Seidi Ghali voice/guitar, Alamnou Akrouni voice/calabash, Mariama Salah Assouan voice/dance and Ahmoudou Madassane voice/guitar. Broadcast23 April 2017, not treated as exact session date. No duplicate broadcast reupload counted. Source: vrije geluiden. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2017-04-22; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[3] traditional unknown unknown live unknown country:niger supported Recording/context source Tende, actual traditional Niger song with guitar adaptation at Tivoli Vredenburg. Primary VPRO credits Fatou Seidi Ghali voice/guitar, Alamnou Akrouni voice/calabash, Mariama Salah Assouan voice/dance and Ahmoudou Madassane voice/guitar. Broadcast23 April 2017, not treated as exact session date. No duplicate broadcast reupload counted. Source: vrije geluiden. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Les Filles de Illighadad Les Filles de Illighadad - Irriganan (Official Music Video) https://www.youtube.com/embed/bCfVWSNHILU Irriganan and Inssegh Inssegh, two distinct At Pioneer Works recordings, original performances fall 2019, released 2021. Primary band notes explicitly place tende percussion/poetry at their core: Fatou Seidi Ghali guitar/vocals, Alamnou Akrouni percussion/vocals, Amaria Hamadalher guitar/percussion, Abdoulaye Madassane guitar/vocals. Label documented tende-guitar adaptation, not all Tuareg guitar. Source: Pioneer Works. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2021-04-27; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[4] traditional unknown 2019 live unknown country:niger supported Recording/context source Irriganan and Inssegh Inssegh, two distinct At Pioneer Works recordings, original performances fall 2019, released 2021. Primary band notes explicitly place tende percussion/poetry at their core: Fatou Seidi Ghali guitar/vocals, Alamnou Akrouni percussion/vocals, Amaria Hamadalher guitar/percussion, Abdoulaye Madassane guitar/vocals. Label documented tende-guitar adaptation, not all Tuareg guitar. Source: Pioneer Works. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Les Filles de Illighadad Les Filles de Illighadad - Inssegh Inssegh (official music video) https://www.youtube.com/embed/zuIvEAn76t0 Irriganan and Inssegh Inssegh, two distinct At Pioneer Works recordings, original performances fall 2019, released 2021. Primary band notes explicitly place tende percussion/poetry at their core: Fatou Seidi Ghali guitar/vocals, Alamnou Akrouni percussion/vocals, Amaria Hamadalher guitar/percussion, Abdoulaye Madassane guitar/vocals. Label documented tende-guitar adaptation, not all Tuareg guitar. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2021-07-09; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[5] traditional unknown 2019 live unknown country:niger supported Recording/context source Irriganan and Inssegh Inssegh, two distinct At Pioneer Works recordings, original performances fall 2019, released 2021. Primary band notes explicitly place tende percussion/poetry at their core: Fatou Seidi Ghali guitar/vocals, Alamnou Akrouni percussion/vocals, Amaria Hamadalher guitar/percussion, Abdoulaye Madassane guitar/vocals. Label documented tende-guitar adaptation, not all Tuareg guitar. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Les Filles de Illighadad Les Filles de Illighadad Live in Gothenburg, Sweden https://www.youtube.com/embed/OGEwiKQm5pA Actual first European tour performance at Planeta Gothenburg, published 2016 by Sahel Sounds. Specific village tende-guitar project, different live recording from later Pioneer Works and Utrecht takes. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2016-11-03; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[6] traditional unknown unknown live unknown country:niger supported Recording/context source Actual first European tour performance at Planeta Gothenburg, published 2016 by Sahel Sounds. Specific village tende-guitar project, different live recording from later Pioneer Works and Utrecht takes. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Les Filles de Illighadad Music Hour avec les Filles de Illighadad - Eghass Malan https://www.youtube.com/embed/xQx_Qxx3-I0 Eghass Malan, actual Monte Carlo Doualiya live musical performance. Broadcaster documents the women-led village percussion/electricguitar adaptation; not a spoken interview imported as whole programme.2017 publication, unknown original session date. Source: مونت كارلو الدولية / Monte Carlo Doualiya. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2017-12-04; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[7] traditional unknown unknown live unknown country:niger supported Recording/context source Eghass Malan, actual Monte Carlo Doualiya live musical performance. Broadcaster documents the women-led village percussion/electricguitar adaptation; not a spoken interview imported as whole programme.2017 publication, unknown original session date. Source: مونت كارلو الدولية / Monte Carlo Doualiya. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Uncredited Agadez tende singers & percussionists Tende, Agadez 2013 https://www.youtube.com/embed/su5NvoYa6o8 Actual field-recorded tende performance outside Agadez 2013, published by recordist/label Sahel Sounds in 2021. No invented individual musician names; recordist is not singer. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2021-05-26; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[8] traditional unknown 2013 live unknown country:niger supported Recording/context source Actual field-recorded tende performance outside Agadez 2013, published by recordist/label Sahel Sounds in 2021. No invented individual musician names; recordist is not singer. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Jamilata & accompanying tende musicians La diva du Tende https://www.youtube.com/embed/e79aktFb2CM Actual Air-region singer Jamilata at Festival Tamasna Chinwalanbane, identified by publisher Ag Anara Souleymane. Multiple country travel hashtags are not evidence for all those countries; Air community supports Niger scope. Source: AG ANARA SOULEYMANE. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2019-09-15; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[9] traditional unknown unknown live unknown country:niger supported Recording/context source Actual Air-region singer Jamilata at Festival Tamasna Chinwalanbane, identified by publisher Ag Anara Souleymane. Multiple country travel hashtags are not evidence for all those countries; Air community supports Niger scope. Source: AG ANARA SOULEYMANE. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Uncredited Agadez tende singers & percussionists tende agadez part 1 https://www.youtube.com/embed/-LebOq7SQVc Two actual community recordings titled Tende Agadez by Abzin TV.2024/2022 publication not asserted session dates; distinct supplied footage durations and source items, no full multi-part parent selected. Individual names unavailable rather than fabricated. Source: Abzin tv. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2024-04-17; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[10] traditional unknown unknown live unknown country:niger supported Recording/context source Two actual community recordings titled Tende Agadez by Abzin TV.2024/2022 publication not asserted session dates; distinct supplied footage durations and source items, no full multi-part parent selected. Individual names unavailable rather than fabricated. Source: Abzin tv. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Uncredited Agadez tende singers & percussionists Tende Agadez https://www.youtube.com/embed/V2DfBT0TRzs Two actual community recordings titled Tende Agadez by Abzin TV.2024/2022 publication not asserted session dates; distinct supplied footage durations and source items, no full multi-part parent selected. Individual names unavailable rather than fabricated. Source: Abzin tv. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2022-03-10; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[11] traditional unknown unknown live unknown country:niger supported Recording/context source Two actual community recordings titled Tende Agadez by Abzin TV.2024/2022 publication not asserted session dates; distinct supplied footage durations and source items, no full multi-part parent selected. Individual names unavailable rather than fabricated. Source: Abzin tv. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Agadez tende ensemble (individual names uncredited) Tende Agadez : Tandaman  ! https://www.youtube.com/embed/cNFufnDmFbw Tandaman, Voice Of Niger source explicitly identifies this song by the tende group from Agadez state, Republic of Niger. Hausa description is regional attribution, not misidentified performer name. Source: Voice Of Niger . Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2022-05-06; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[12] traditional unknown unknown live unknown country:niger supported Recording/context source Tandaman, Voice Of Niger source explicitly identifies this song by the tende group from Agadez state, Republic of Niger. Hausa description is regional attribution, not misidentified performer name. Source: Voice Of Niger . Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Uncredited Agadez wedding tende ensemble Tende agadez #obaz culture #touareg https://www.youtube.com/embed/ClGk9bejg5U Actual Tuareg wedding tende performance published by Obaz. Wedding context supported by source; not a claim Obaz is every actual singer. Unknown original session. Source: obaz_officiel. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2020-12-21; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[13] traditional unknown unknown live unknown country:niger supported Recording/context source Actual Tuareg wedding tende performance published by Obaz. Wedding context supported by source; not a claim Obaz is every actual singer. Unknown original session. Source: obaz_officiel. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Obaz, Mouhamed Illiasso Tanzak & Sahbi Sabik AGADEZ NIGER tende obaz (clip Officiel) https://www.youtube.com/embed/llEbM06oQVE Tende Obaz, primary artist explicitly labels a traditional/modern blend of old Tuareg poetry, tende rhythm and rap/trap. Actual Mouhamed Illiasso Tanzak tende, Sahbi Sabik guitar, Lee Yo instrumental composition. Filmed Timia/Dabaga. Contemporary adaptation labelled honestly rather than all trap accepted. Source: obaz_officiel. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2022-02-04; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[14] popular unknown unknown music-video unknown country:niger supported Recording/context source Tende Obaz, primary artist explicitly labels a traditional/modern blend of old Tuareg poetry, tende rhythm and rap/trap. Actual Mouhamed Illiasso Tanzak tende, Sahbi Sabik guitar, Lee Yo instrumental composition. Filmed Timia/Dabaga. Contemporary adaptation labelled honestly rather than all trap accepted. Source: obaz_officiel. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Lalla Badi, Tagmar Badi & Toulou Kiki Bilal with Tinariwen Tinariwen - "Tinde Tinariwen" (feat. Lalla Badi) (Full Album Stream) https://www.youtube.com/embed/xW5vOElI7Ik Tinde Tinariwen and Tinde Final, separate opening/closing performances at Theatre Bouffesdu Nord Paris13 December 2014. Primary album credits Lalla lead/tinde, Tagmar and Toulou Kiki voices/claps, with Tinariwen ensemble. Do not confuse same official-video copy of Final or treat Full Album Stream suffix as a whole-album parent.2015/2020 editions are not new sessions. Source: ANTI- Records. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2015-11-20; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[15] traditional unknown 2014-12-13 live unknown country:algeria; country:mali supported Recording/context source Tinde Tinariwen and Tinde Final, separate opening/closing performances at Theatre Bouffesdu Nord Paris13 December 2014. Primary album credits Lalla lead/tinde, Tagmar and Toulou Kiki voices/claps, with Tinariwen ensemble. Do not confuse same official-video copy of Final or treat Full Album Stream suffix as a whole-album parent.2015/2020 editions are not new sessions. Source: ANTI- Records. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Lalla Badi, Tagmar Badi & Toulou Kiki Bilal with Tinariwen Tinariwen - "Tinde Final Tinariwen" (feat. Lalla Badi) https://www.youtube.com/embed/LskxVbxr7wc Tinde Tinariwen and Tinde Final, separate opening/closing performances at Theatre Bouffesdu Nord Paris13 December 2014. Primary album credits Lalla lead/tinde, Tagmar and Toulou Kiki voices/claps, with Tinariwen ensemble. Do not confuse same official-video copy of Final or treat Full Album Stream suffix as a whole-album parent.2015/2020 editions are not new sessions. Source: ANTI- Records. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2015-10-15; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[16] traditional unknown 2014-12-13 live unknown country:algeria; country:mali supported Recording/context source Tinde Tinariwen and Tinde Final, separate opening/closing performances at Theatre Bouffesdu Nord Paris13 December 2014. Primary album credits Lalla lead/tinde, Tagmar and Toulou Kiki voices/claps, with Tinariwen ensemble. Do not confuse same official-video copy of Final or treat Full Album Stream suffix as a whole-album parent.2015/2020 editions are not new sessions. Source: ANTI- Records. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Lalla Badi, Tagmar Badi & Toulou Kiki Bilal Tinariwen - "Tinde" (feat. Lalla Badi) Part 1 (Full Album Stream) https://www.youtube.com/embed/2lrhx2_Y9FU Tinde Part1, separate middle album track6 at the13 December 2014 Paris concert. Primary credits identify Lalla lead/tinde and Tagmar/Toulou Kiki response/claps. Not the same opening or final song segment; no whole album parent counted. Source: ANTI- Records. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2015-11-20; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[17] traditional unknown 2014-12-13 live unknown country:algeria supported Recording/context source Tinde Part1, separate middle album track6 at the13 December 2014 Paris concert. Primary credits identify Lalla lead/tinde and Tagmar/Toulou Kiki response/claps. Not the same opening or final song segment; no whole album parent counted. Source: ANTI- Records. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Lalla Badi & Djarra Ag Ablil Lalla Badi 1980 ( Rare cassette ) https://www.youtube.com/embed/IUpsBXu_nq0 Rare archival cassette, source identifies Lalla Badi and Djarra Ag Ablil (Terakaft). Actual tende/guitar collaboration, older performance labelled archive. Source says annees1980, insufficient precision for a structured exact date; not a new 2019 recording. Source: Latina Ag Ahmed Terist. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2019-10-21; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[18] traditional unknown unknown live unknown country:algeria supported Recording/context source Rare archival cassette, source identifies Lalla Badi and Djarra Ag Ablil (Terakaft). Actual tende/guitar collaboration, older performance labelled archive. Source says annees1980, insufficient precision for a structured exact date; not a new 2019 recording. Source: Latina Ag Ahmed Terist. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Lalla Badi Wallet Salim & accompanying tende singers Lalla Badi Wallet Salim #Tende #Touareg 2005 https://www.youtube.com/embed/SRkQAkrsaMY Actual 2005 tende recording named by source, Tamanrasset singer.2020 upload not a new session; individual accompanying vocalists unnamed honestly. Source: Latina Ag Ahmed Terist. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2020-07-05; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[19] traditional unknown 2005 live unknown country:algeria supported Recording/context source Actual 2005 tende recording named by source, Tamanrasset singer.2020 upload not a new session; individual accompanying vocalists unnamed honestly. Source: Latina Ag Ahmed Terist. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Lalla Badi & accompanying tende ensemble #Badi Lalla l’icône du chant #tendé #touareg s'est produit à #Alger Copyright Zinedine Zebar https://www.youtube.com/embed/nfR9fiY5U_E Actual Alger stage performance recorded by Zinedine Zebar, published 2017. Photographer/recordist distinct from actual singer. Source: Zinedine Zebar. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2017-04-29; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[20] traditional unknown unknown live unknown country:algeria supported Recording/context source Actual Alger stage performance recorded by Zinedine Zebar, published 2017. Photographer/recordist distinct from actual singer. Source: Zinedine Zebar. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Lalla Badi & accompanying women singers Tendé par Badi Lalla à Dar el Imzad.mov https://www.youtube.com/embed/nDOx1SObU_8 Actual tende song/drum performance at Dar El Imzad, source Farida Sellal describes Lalla lead, women response/claps and physical mortar-drum practice. Source-name institution not credited as performer, no implied imzad instrumental track. Source: Farida SELLAL. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2011-08-21; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[21] traditional unknown unknown live unknown country:algeria supported Recording/context source Actual tende song/drum performance at Dar El Imzad, source Farida Sellal describes Lalla lead, women response/claps and physical mortar-drum practice. Source-name institution not credited as performer, no implied imzad instrumental track. Source: Farida SELLAL. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Lalla Badi & accompanying ensemble BADI Lalla https://www.youtube.com/embed/xjp43ILKtEY Actual evening performance at Lalla Badi home Tamanrasset,2 February 2014. One selected clip from the event; same-date second clip held until work/master overlap resolved. Source: Moorad Chaachoua. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2014-02-17; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[22] traditional unknown 2014-02-02 live unknown country:algeria supported Recording/context source Actual evening performance at Lalla Badi home Tamanrasset,2 February 2014. One selected clip from the event; same-date second clip held until work/master overlap resolved. Source: Moorad Chaachoua. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false
Uncredited Tamanrasset women’s tindi singers & percussionists Chants de Femmes Touareg TINDI Live à Tamanrasset -التندي https://www.youtube.com/embed/LfHDj4m3nLs Chants De Femmes Touareg Tindi, actual Tamanrasset musical performance published by Studio21 Ecole. School publisher does not make a complete music recording spoken instruction; source describes the regional practice, individual names unavailable. Source: Studio21 ecole. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2022-01-22; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.[23] traditional unknown unknown live unknown country:algeria supported Recording/context source Chants De Femmes Touareg Tindi, actual Tamanrasset musical performance published by Studio21 Ecole. School publisher does not make a complete music recording spoken instruction; source describes the regional practice, individual names unavailable. Source: Studio21 ecole. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. false false false

Related genres

Tuareg guitar can incorporate Tende resources. Imzad is a distinct bowed-instrument practice; neither should replace the women-led vocal/percussion repertoire on the map. [1]

References and further reading

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 La mélopée des sables, le tendé-guitare au Niger — Luigi Elongui, 2018. Access note: Article body read.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rhythms of Value: Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger. Access note: Indexed relevant passages only; detailed page reading pending.
  3. ↑ Les Filles de Illighadad - Tende (live @TivoliVredenburg Utrecht).
  4. ↑ Les Filles de Illighadad - Irriganan (Official Music Video).
  5. ↑ Les Filles de Illighadad - Inssegh Inssegh (official music video).
  6. ↑ Les Filles de Illighadad Live in Gothenburg, Sweden.
  7. ↑ Music Hour avec les Filles de Illighadad - Eghass Malan.
  8. ↑ Tende, Agadez 2013.
  9. ↑ La diva du Tende.
  10. ↑ tende agadez part 1.
  11. ↑ Tende Agadez.
  12. ↑ Tende Agadez : Tandaman  !.
  13. ↑ Tende agadez #obaz culture #touareg.
  14. ↑ AGADEZ NIGER tende obaz (clip Officiel).
  15. ↑ Tinariwen - "Tinde Tinariwen" (feat. Lalla Badi) (Full Album Stream).
  16. ↑ Tinariwen - "Tinde Final Tinariwen" (feat. Lalla Badi).
  17. ↑ Tinariwen - "Tinde" (feat. Lalla Badi) Part 1 (Full Album Stream).
  18. ↑ Lalla Badi 1980 ( Rare cassette ).
  19. ↑ Lalla Badi Wallet Salim #Tende #Touareg 2005.
  20. ↑ #Badi Lalla l’icône du chant #tendé #touareg s'est produit à #Alger Copyright Zinedine Zebar.
  21. ↑ Tendé par Badi Lalla à Dar el Imzad.mov.
  22. ↑ BADI Lalla.
  23. ↑ Chants de Femmes Touareg TINDI Live à Tamanrasset -التندي.

Hotspot mushrooms

Tuareg communities of Niger, northern Mali and southern Algeria, with specific local variants. Settled and displaced communities and staged adaptations; Illighadad/Tahoua provides a documented southern Niger case. Fields distinguish the community heartland from specifically documented wider use; political borders and population totals do not determine intensity.

The fields express editorial judgments about relative musical affinity and reach, not measured audience shares. Radius is the zero edge of a linear fade; same-genre overlaps combine by maximum.

MuGlobe hotspot mushrooms
ID Location Latitude Longitude Radius (km) Strength Notes
tende-niger Aïr–Tahoua Tuareg community networks 17.1 7.2 680 0.68 Strong within relevant community occasions, not the sole musical preference of Saharan populations.
tende-adagh Adagh and northern Malian Tuareg communities 19 1 610 0.59 Strong within relevant community occasions, not the sole musical preference of Saharan populations.
tende-ahaggar Ahaggar community practice 22.8 5.5 520 0.47 Strong within relevant community occasions, not the sole musical preference of Saharan populations.
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