Jump to content

Assiko: Difference between revisions

From MuGlobe.com
Category: Genre
← Older editNewer edit →
VisualWikitext
Edb (talk | contribs)
Approved editors, Bureaucrats, Interface administrators, MuGlobe superadministrators, Administrators
3,510 edits
Expand the comprehensive music catalogue with reviewed distinct performances; prioritize recent discovery, retain good older music and preserve existing prose, recordings and fields.
Edb (talk | contribs)
Approved editors, Bureaucrats, Interface administrators, MuGlobe superadministrators, Administrators
3,510 edits
Research-led Africa musical geography and article revision; existing recording sections and native bindings preserved.
Line 1: Line 1:
== Summary ==
== Summary ==
Assiko is a southern Cameroonian guitar, percussion and dance tradition especially associated with Bassa communities. Its relatively compact ensemble can generate a remarkably active rhythmic conversation. Singing, quick guitar figures and an insistent pulse support dance in which balance, bodily control and social display matter. The catalogue term covers a living practice rather than merely an instrumental formula. A listener who hears only a short guitar excerpt may miss how the music organizes an occasion and how the dancer responds to changes in emphasis. <ref name="gf-aw-cameroon">[https://musicinafrica.net/magazine/popular-music-cameroon/ Popular music in Cameroon — Music In Africa].</ref>
 
Assiko is a Cameroonian guitar, percussion, song and dance tradition associated particularly with Bassa communities. Agile instrumental figures and an insistent pulse support movement, balance and rhythmic exchange. Ceremonial participation and professional performance belong to its history. <ref name="africa2026-cm-assiko-batamag">[https://www.afrik.com/la-danse-assiko-l-une-des-marques-identitaires-du-peuple-bassa-au-cameroun Emmanuel Batamag, La danse Assiko: l’une des marques identitaires du peuple Bassa au Cameroun, Afrik.com, 10 July 2018]. Access note: Full public article read. Competing origin legends are not adopted as established historical events; the universal one-ethnicity/one-dance opening is rejected.</ref> <ref name="africa2026-cm-popular">[https://musicinafrica.net/magazine/popular-music-cameroon/ Popular music in Cameroon, 2015]. Access note: Relevant body read.</ref>


== Contemporary and trending ==
== Contemporary and trending ==
Assiko continues through community events, cultural presentations and musicians working within or alongside Cameroonian popular music. It is less internationally visible than some large commercial styles, which should not be mistaken for an absence of local knowledge or participation. Stage presentations can emphasize virtuosity, while a familiar social setting may allow longer exchanges and a different relation between performers and public. The music's contemporary position includes both inherited community practice and deliberate reinterpretation; it need not be either a preserved relic or a new chart-centered genre.
 
Assiko remains a reference in Bassa cultural self-description and Cameroonian musical accounts. Its practice includes communal occasions and deliberate public presentation. These settings differ from the large national popular circuits associated with Makossa and newer urban genres. <ref name="africa2026-cm-bessem">[https://www.musiques-afrique.net/cameroon/mus_cam.html Music of Cameroon — Frank Bessem]. Access note: Relevant geographical discussion read.</ref> <ref name="africa2026-cm-popular" />


== History ==
== History ==
The tradition developed in Bassa cultural territory and became linked to a wider southern Cameroonian musical circulation. The portability of guitar and small percussion helped performers move between communities and urban settings. Recording made distinctive individual styles available to people beyond a local occasion. Its history belongs beside the growth of makossa and bikutsi without becoming a minor chapter of either. A compact ensemble is not evidence of an earlier or less developed musical stage: it is an effective arrangement for a particular kind of rhythmic and bodily exchange.
 
Emmanuel Batamag records differing oral histories involving Douala and the Bidjocka/Eséka area. These accounts situate the music in regional social experience without resolving a single founding event. Jean Bikoko Aladin’s midtwentieth-century popularization is a better established point of reference than an exclusive invention story. <ref name="africa2026-cm-assiko-batamag" />


== Musical characteristics ==
== Musical characteristics ==
Listen for the guitar's agile repeated figures and how they fit around percussion rather than simply sitting above a beat. Metallic or bottle percussion can make the rhythmic skeleton especially clear. Singing gives the performance a human address and can cue or respond to the dance. The dancer's timing is central: turns, low positions and displays of controlled movement gain meaning from the shared pulse and expected accents. Surface speed is only one dimension of skill; a small change in placement may be more expressive than a long rapid solo.
 
Guitar and percussion, including metallic or bottle resources in some ensembles, create the rhythmic support for singing and dance. Whistle cues and articulated movement of feet, knees, hips and shoulders participate in the performance. Public displays of balance or virtuosity are one presentation of a broader shared musical knowledge. <ref name="africa2026-cm-assiko-batamag" /> <ref name="africa2026-cm-bessem" />


== Geography and communities ==
== Geography and communities ==
The mapped core covers the connected Bassa and adjoining southern Cameroonian landscape between and around major towns, including village and family networks. It is intentionally broader than a circle around a celebrated guitarist's birthplace or a cultural venue. A modest French diaspora field acknowledges carried practice and community presentation while remaining much weaker than the heartland. The field's soft edge allows overlapping musical affiliations. It does not assert that every person within southern Cameroon practices Assiko or that participants elsewhere require a separate national origin story.
 
The core connects Bassa landscapes around Eséka, Edéa and adjoining Littoral/Centre communities with Douala’s rural–urban networks. It is a regional continuum rather than a peak at one guitarist’s birthplace. Similar names in other African repertoires should be distinguished through community, instrumentation and musical history. <ref name="africa2026-cm-assiko-batamag" /> <ref name="africa2026-cm-bessem" />


== Artists ==
== Artists ==
Jean Bikoko Aladin is a principal historical reference for recorded Assiko, while Justin Stanislas and other practitioners show a wider performing field. Community dancers and percussionists are essential artistic partners, not anonymous accompaniment to a guitar star. Where recordings or videos are documented, compare how the guitarist supports movement and how the ensemble handles transitions. A list of commercial releases is only one way into a tradition sustained by occasions and relationships that may never enter an international discography. <ref name="assiko-overview">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assiko Assiko — dance and music overview].</ref>
 
Jean Bikoko Aladin is a principal historical professional reference. Ensemble musicians and dancers carry complementary creative expertise. An international celebrity roster should not replace the specifically documented Cameroonian practitioners and community performance relationships. <ref name="africa2026-cm-assiko-batamag" /> <ref name="africa2026-cm-popular" />


== Representative performances ==
== Representative performances ==
Line 105: Line 111:


== Related genres ==
== Related genres ==
Makossa shares parts of the southern Cameroonian guitar environment, and bikutsi provides a neighboring example of local dance resources transformed through amplification. These connections should not collapse Assiko into a generic Cameroonian style. Nor does a guitar make it the same music as West African palm-wine traditions. Its particular rhythmic feel, Bassa cultural associations and dance knowledge establish an independent identity. Comparison becomes useful when it draws attention to those differences as well as to the movement of instruments and musicians across the region.
 
Makossa, Ambasse bey and Bikutsi share parts of the broader southern Cameroonian musical environment while retaining different histories. Guitar use alone does not establish a common genre with unrelated West African styles. <ref name="africa2026-cm-bessem" /> <ref name="africa2026-cm-makossa">[https://musicinafrica.net/magazine/makossa-cameroon/ Jean Fabrice Ngbwa, Makossa in Cameroon, Music In Africa, 4 November 2015]. Access note: Public substantive historical/context body read. Historical claims are dated; no media accessed.</ref>
 


=== References and further reading ===
=== References and further reading ===
<references />
<references />


== Hotspot mushrooms ==
== Hotspot mushrooms ==
Assiko is a rural–urban Bassa-linked dance landscape in southern Cameroon. One broad heartland represents shared occasions across towns and villages; the French field is deliberately secondary.


These fields are editorial illustrations of musical affinity and cultural reach, not listener statistics. Radius marks the zero edge of the fade; overlapping fields of this genre combine by maximum.
A Bassa/Eséka–Edéa–Douala connected repertoire landscape, more geographically and socially specific than national popular music. The old broad French circle lacks genre-specific support in this review and is removed rather than inferred from similarly named associations.
 
The fields express editorial judgments about relative musical affinity and reach, not measured audience shares. Radius is the zero edge of a linear fade; same-genre overlaps combine by maximum.


{| class="wikitable muglobe-hotspots"
{| class="wikitable muglobe-hotspots"
|+ MuGlobe hotspot mushrooms
|+ MuGlobe hotspot mushrooms
! ID !! Location !! Latitude !! Longitude !! Radius (km) !! Strength !! Notes
! ID !! Location !! Latitude !! Longitude !! Radius (km) !! Strength !! Notes
|-
|-
| assiko-bassa-landscape || Bassa and connected southern Cameroonian landscape || 3.9 || 10.7 || 420 || 1 || Village, town and dance-network continuity.
| assiko-bassa-littoral || Bassa–Littoral Assiko landscape || 3.85 || 10.55 || 350 || 0.76 || Connected village, town, ceremonial and professional practice around Eséka, Edéa and Douala.
 
|-
| assiko-french-circuit || French Cameroonian community circuit || 47 || 2 || 320 || 0.25 || Smaller detached cultural practice.
 
|}
|}

Revision as of 03:49, 20 October 2026

Summary

Assiko is a Cameroonian guitar, percussion, song and dance tradition associated particularly with Bassa communities. Agile instrumental figures and an insistent pulse support movement, balance and rhythmic exchange. Ceremonial participation and professional performance belong to its history. [1] [2]

Contemporary and trending

Assiko remains a reference in Bassa cultural self-description and Cameroonian musical accounts. Its practice includes communal occasions and deliberate public presentation. These settings differ from the large national popular circuits associated with Makossa and newer urban genres. [3] [2]

History

Emmanuel Batamag records differing oral histories involving Douala and the Bidjocka/Eséka area. These accounts situate the music in regional social experience without resolving a single founding event. Jean Bikoko Aladin’s midtwentieth-century popularization is a better established point of reference than an exclusive invention story. [1]

Musical characteristics

Guitar and percussion, including metallic or bottle resources in some ensembles, create the rhythmic support for singing and dance. Whistle cues and articulated movement of feet, knees, hips and shoulders participate in the performance. Public displays of balance or virtuosity are one presentation of a broader shared musical knowledge. [1] [3]

Geography and communities

The core connects Bassa landscapes around Eséka, Edéa and adjoining Littoral/Centre communities with Douala’s rural–urban networks. It is a regional continuum rather than a peak at one guitarist’s birthplace. Similar names in other African repertoires should be distinguished through community, instrumentation and musical history. [1] [3]

Artists

Jean Bikoko Aladin is a principal historical professional reference. Ensemble musicians and dancers carry complementary creative expertise. An international celebrity roster should not replace the specifically documented Cameroonian practitioners and community performance relationships. [1] [2]

Representative performances

These recordings offer listening examples of the genre. Notes identify the performance setting and any adaptation or mixed repertoire.

MuGlobe listening profile
Repertoire Field use Notes
traditional regional Comprehensive catalogue; recent discovery is prioritized and worthwhile older music remains playable. Preserve specific recording contexts and dates.
MuGlobe representative performances
Artist Performance / song / title Embedded player URL Notes Repertoire kind Repertoire date Recording date Format Opening Places Fit Evidence Review note
Jean Bikoko Aladin Kena Me Dokta https://www.youtube.com/embed/eqJbxgQAQrs An archival song by the Cameroonian assiko pioneer Jean Bikoko Aladin. The source explicitly identifies assiko; the uploading diaspora channel is not the performer, and no concert date is asserted.[4] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown pending Existing recording Legacy unscoped accepted recording retained; migration does not assert new dates or per-country variants. Existing musical notes and native citations are preserved.
Jean Bikoko Aladin Kon U Ye Me Nem https://www.youtube.com/embed/-3yPLmJSwAw Independently uploaded archival audio explicitly identified as assiko and credited to Jean Bikoko. A second composition by the guitarist-singer, useful for hearing a sustained dance groove rather than treating one song as the whole tradition.[5] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown pending Existing recording Legacy unscoped accepted recording retained; migration does not assert new dates or per-country variants. Existing musical notes and native citations are preserved.
AfricanMusicFestival (YouTube channel) Kristo Numpuby https://www.youtube.com/embed/idcxuziegho Selected by Ed for Assiko; embedded playback checked 18 October 2026. Artist attribution is the channel credit; see the video title for performer details.[6] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown pending Existing recording Legacy unscoped accepted recording retained; migration does not assert new dates or per-country variants. Existing musical notes and native citations are preserved.
DJ Proff Proff Mix (YouTube channel) LE MEILLEUR ASSIKO CAMEROUN Ft Samson Chaud Gars|Jean Bikoko| Encyclopedie d'Assiko |La Danse Assiko https://www.youtube.com/embed/xIcQLdP_POs Selected by Ed for Assiko; embedded playback checked 18 October 2026. Artist attribution is the channel credit; see the video title for performer details.[7] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown pending Existing recording Legacy unscoped accepted recording retained; migration does not assert new dates or per-country variants. Existing musical notes and native citations are preserved.
Kristo Numpuby Kristo Numpuby - 05 - Live at Afrika Festival Hertme 2007 https://www.youtube.com/embed/_Yy0aTOpItk An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Newly published2026 festival archive is explicitly a1 July2007 performance. Numbered selection5 is distinct from selections2,4 and6. Source-documented performance date: 2007-07-01. Video publication: 2026-08-05; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[8] traditional unknown 2007-07-01 live unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Newly published2026 festival archive is explicitly a1 July2007 performance. Numbered selection5 is distinct from selections2,4 and6. Source-documented performance date: 2007-07-01.
Kristo Numpuby Kristo Numpuby - 02 - Live at Afrika Festival Hertme 2007 https://www.youtube.com/embed/8ygNwYCVCbg An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher Afrika Festival Hertme identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Source-documented performance date: 2007-07-01. Video publication: 2026-08-05; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[9] traditional unknown 2007-07-01 live unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher Afrika Festival Hertme identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Source-documented performance date: 2007-07-01.
Jean Bikoko Aladin Jean Bikoko Aladin - Dynamo (CNM04) https://www.youtube.com/embed/8HueAhgFlmw An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher RealC38 identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2021-10-17; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[10] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher RealC38 identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Kristo Numpuby ASSIKO: KRISTO NUMPUBY EN CONCERT à PARIS(JMTV+) https://www.youtube.com/embed/-l3nym9Ndmg An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher JMTV + identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Source-documented performance date: 2016-03-12. Video publication: 2021-04-23; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[11] traditional unknown 2016-03-12 live unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher JMTV + identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Source-documented performance date: 2016-03-12.
Olivier de Clovis Bonga 💥NOUVEAUTÉ 2019 💥 OLIVIER DECLOVIS BONGA 👉🏾 KIÑÈ MALEP https://www.youtube.com/embed/fIDkaYF8q-w An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher GrandMasterMix identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2019-09-05; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[12] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher GrandMasterMix identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Jean Bikoko Aladin Jean Bikoko - ma cabo ma mo (A Paris - Equateur management - Abbia) https://www.youtube.com/embed/qgHL8a67Pic An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher RealC38 identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2017-11-19; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[13] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher RealC38 identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Olivier de Clovis Bonga Olivier Declovis - NDUTU BI YIK https://www.youtube.com/embed/8L6OoyvejXU An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher OLIVIER DECLOVIS BONGA identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2017-07-24; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[14] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher OLIVIER DECLOVIS BONGA identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Jean Bikoko Aladin and Assiko Rigueur Jean Aladin Bikoko et l'Assiko Rigueur - edo - wanda ntet (Tessy records cameroon) https://www.youtube.com/embed/jRHxnDwCkgo An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher RealC38 identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2017-02-19; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[15] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher RealC38 identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Défense DEFENSE "ASSIKO SPECTACULAIRE" https://www.youtube.com/embed/jXxRDcGqQdA An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher SNIPER+VISIONTV identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2015-02-19; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[16] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher SNIPER+VISIONTV identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Ngo Bikoko and Olivier de Clovis Bonga Ngo Bikoko & Olivier de Clovis Bonga Assiko à la soirée des Ndog Bessol 29/11/2014 Paris https://www.youtube.com/embed/Fs1_ATVovtQ An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher citesic identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Source-documented performance date: 2014-11-29. Video publication: 2014-12-01; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[17] traditional unknown 2014-11-29 unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher citesic identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Source-documented performance date: 2014-11-29.
Kristo Numpuby Café de la Danse - Kristo NUMPUBY - Concert ASSIKO LAND https://www.youtube.com/embed/obFst4Y6b-U An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher Kristo Numpuby identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Source-documented performance date: 2014-03-29. Video publication: 2014-05-23; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[18] traditional unknown 2014-03-29 live unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher Kristo Numpuby identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Source-documented performance date: 2014-03-29.
Kristo Numpuby Kristo Numpuby - 4 - LIVE at Afrikafestival Hertme 2007 https://www.youtube.com/embed/EFl0IakS0JU An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher AfricanMusicFestival identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Source-documented performance date: 2007-07-01. Video publication: 2014-02-20; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[19] traditional unknown 2007-07-01 live unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher AfricanMusicFestival identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Source-documented performance date: 2007-07-01.
Kristo Numpuby Kristo Numpuby - 6 - LIVE at Afrikafestival Hertme 2007 https://www.youtube.com/embed/06Lm0jSQKVA An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher AfricanMusicFestival identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Source-documented performance date: 2007-07-01. Video publication: 2014-02-20; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[20] traditional unknown 2007-07-01 live unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher AfricanMusicFestival identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Source-documented performance date: 2007-07-01.
Jean Bikoko Aladin Jean Bikoko Aladin - hiki djâm li gwée ngèn (Wanda ntet - production abbia) https://www.youtube.com/embed/zFraSnxYW0o An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher RealC38 identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2013-11-16; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[21] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher RealC38 identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Fleur Devault Clip Fleur DEVAULT (Too me keneg) https://www.youtube.com/embed/zTPd0MCLgQ4 An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher Fleur Devault identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Artist-published2013 cantiques/song cycle; the explicitly named Cantiq Assiko supplies repertoire context, with individual works kept distinct. Video publication: 2013-10-26; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[22] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher Fleur Devault identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Artist-published2013 cantiques/song cycle; the explicitly named Cantiq Assiko supplies repertoire context, with individual works kept distinct.
Fleur Devault Clip Fleur Devault (Wetama) https://www.youtube.com/embed/LKb9UmRj2sQ An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher Fleur Devault identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Artist-published2013 cantiques/song cycle; the explicitly named Cantiq Assiko supplies repertoire context, with individual works kept distinct. Video publication: 2013-10-20; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[23] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher Fleur Devault identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Artist-published2013 cantiques/song cycle; the explicitly named Cantiq Assiko supplies repertoire context, with individual works kept distinct.
Fleur Devault Clip Fleur Devault (Yacob) https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y6GIwrSMPSA An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher Fleur Devault identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Artist-published2013 cantiques/song cycle; the explicitly named Cantiq Assiko supplies repertoire context, with individual works kept distinct. Video publication: 2013-10-20; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[24] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher Fleur Devault identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Artist-published2013 cantiques/song cycle; the explicitly named Cantiq Assiko supplies repertoire context, with individual works kept distinct.
Fleur Devault Clip Fleur Devault Cantiq Assiko 01 Ngéda Man Nyambe https://www.youtube.com/embed/varvrqLhfwU An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Artist-published Cantiq Assiko, Ngéda Man Nyambe: explicitly Christian Assiko repertoire rather than unrelated sacred music. Artist-published2013 cantiques/song cycle; the explicitly named Cantiq Assiko supplies repertoire context, with individual works kept distinct. Video publication: 2013-10-19; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[25] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Artist-published Cantiq Assiko, Ngéda Man Nyambe: explicitly Christian Assiko repertoire rather than unrelated sacred music. Artist-published2013 cantiques/song cycle; the explicitly named Cantiq Assiko supplies repertoire context, with individual works kept distinct.
Fleur Devault Papa Clip Fleur devault https://www.youtube.com/embed/NDDvD_6f4Fc An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher Fleur Devault identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Artist-published2013 cantiques/song cycle; the explicitly named Cantiq Assiko supplies repertoire context, with individual works kept distinct. Video publication: 2013-10-19; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[26] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher Fleur Devault identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Artist-published2013 cantiques/song cycle; the explicitly named Cantiq Assiko supplies repertoire context, with individual works kept distinct.
Fleur Devault Fleur Devault - Ngéda me nhonol mbasa nwet https://www.youtube.com/embed/YADbDmFrYhQ An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher Fleur Devault identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Artist-published2013 cantiques/song cycle; the explicitly named Cantiq Assiko supplies repertoire context, with individual works kept distinct. Video publication: 2013-10-19; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[27] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher Fleur Devault identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Artist-published2013 cantiques/song cycle; the explicitly named Cantiq Assiko supplies repertoire context, with individual works kept distinct.
Samson Chaud Gars Samson - assiko king's (Come back vol 2 - ebobolo fia 1987) https://www.youtube.com/embed/lCYJS-k0N8E An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Publisher identifies the Come Back Vol2 / Ebobolo Fia1987 release; older recording retained. Video publication: 2013-09-07; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[28] traditional 1987 unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Publisher identifies the Come Back Vol2 / Ebobolo Fia1987 release; older recording retained.
Samson Chaud Gars Samson "Chaud Gars" - petit papa (La différence - Ebobolo fia 1985) https://www.youtube.com/embed/s4mNY42Y9SQ An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Publisher identifies Petit Papa with the1985 La différence release; archive remains playable. Video publication: 2013-08-31; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[29] traditional 1985 unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Publisher identifies Petit Papa with the1985 La différence release; archive remains playable.
Olivier de Clovis Bonga ngata ngahi https://www.youtube.com/embed/vVdOupdJ8HI An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher olivier de clovis Bonga identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2012-06-28; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[30] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher olivier de clovis Bonga identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Jean Bikoko Aladin JEAN BIKOKO ALADIN Likalo https://www.youtube.com/embed/ASBlMdT6Yqg An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher ALAIN NAA identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2012-02-26; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[31] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher ALAIN NAA identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Olivier de Clovis Bonga OLIVIER DE CLOVIS A LISSA.flv https://www.youtube.com/embed/ag0d1uYjz80 An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher olivier de clovis Bonga identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2011-12-01; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[32] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher olivier de clovis Bonga identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Olivier de Clovis Bonga Olivier Declovis BONGA wem nunu https://www.youtube.com/embed/So96jVFK0lk An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher olivier de clovis Bonga identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2011-05-28; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[33] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher olivier de clovis Bonga identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Olivier de Clovis Bonga Olivier Declovis BONGA azuk na kwa.mp4 https://www.youtube.com/embed/xSxx4w6IaVM An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher olivier de clovis Bonga identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2011-05-13; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[34] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher olivier de clovis Bonga identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Olivier de Clovis Bonga OLIVIER DECLOVIS BONGA Amitié Inde Camerounassiko https://www.youtube.com/embed/VUOtiynS6m4 An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher olivier de clovis Bonga identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2011-05-05; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[35] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher olivier de clovis Bonga identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Jean Bikoko Aladin JEAN BIKOKO ALADIN https://www.youtube.com/embed/r8LiZmtHKjc An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher MrBidjoo identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2010-09-29; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[36] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher MrBidjoo identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Encyclopédie d’Assiko, led by Olivier de Clovis Bonga Encyclopedia d'Assiko's second set at Limbe's Festival of Traditional Music & Dance https://www.youtube.com/embed/MYmPdllKsjE An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Festival organiser/publisher identifies this as Encyclopédie d’Assiko’s second set at Limbe, distinct from the other retained set excerpt. Video publication: 2010-03-17; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[37] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Festival organiser/publisher identifies this as Encyclopédie d’Assiko’s second set at Limbe, distinct from the other retained set excerpt.
Encyclopédie d’Assiko, led by Olivier de Clovis Bonga Encyclopedie d'Assiko at "Camtogether Under the Volcano" https://www.youtube.com/embed/aOJhnosI22k An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher bakabeyond identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2010-02-22; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[38] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher bakabeyond identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.
Samson Chaud Gars Samson chaud gars Bôlo Cellucam, Original ( Complete) https://www.youtube.com/embed/9HDXB5xk07A An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher folerelet identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown. Video publication: 2010-02-11; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 19 October 2026.[39] traditional unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown supported Recording/context source An identified Cameroonian Assiko work or ensemble performance. Christian cantiques, contemporary ensemble arrangements and archival guitar-song recordings are labelled; unrelated Makossa, Benskin, Senegalese same-name traditions and instructional content were screened separately. Title, credits and publisher folerelet identify this recording; unknown work/session dates remain unknown.

Related genres

Makossa, Ambasse bey and Bikutsi share parts of the broader southern Cameroonian musical environment while retaining different histories. Guitar use alone does not establish a common genre with unrelated West African styles. [3] [40]


References and further reading

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Emmanuel Batamag, La danse Assiko: l’une des marques identitaires du peuple Bassa au Cameroun, Afrik.com, 10 July 2018. Access note: Full public article read. Competing origin legends are not adopted as established historical events; the universal one-ethnicity/one-dance opening is rejected.
  2. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Music of Cameroon — Frank Bessem. Access note: Relevant geographical discussion read.
  3. ↑ Jean Bikoko Aladin — Kena Me Dokta. YouTube recording; metadata checked 2026-10-18.
  4. ↑ Jean Bikoko Aladin — Kon U Ye Me Nem. YouTube recording; metadata checked 2026-10-18.
  5. ↑ Kristo Numpuby. YouTube; channel: AfricanMusicFestival.
  6. ↑ LE MEILLEUR ASSIKO CAMEROUN Ft Samson Chaud Gars|Jean Bikoko| Encyclopedie d'Assiko |La Danse Assiko. YouTube; channel: DJ Proff Proff Mix.
  7. ↑ Kristo Numpuby - 05 - Live at Afrika Festival Hertme 2007.
  8. ↑ Kristo Numpuby - 02 - Live at Afrika Festival Hertme 2007.
  9. ↑ Jean Bikoko Aladin - Dynamo (CNM04).
  10. ↑ ASSIKO: KRISTO NUMPUBY EN CONCERT à PARIS(JMTV+).
  11. ↑ 💥NOUVEAUTÉ 2019 💥 OLIVIER DECLOVIS BONGA 👉🏾 KIÑÈ MALEP.
  12. ↑ Jean Bikoko - ma cabo ma mo (A Paris - Equateur management - Abbia).
  13. ↑ Olivier Declovis - NDUTU BI YIK.
  14. ↑ Jean Aladin Bikoko et l'Assiko Rigueur - edo - wanda ntet (Tessy records cameroon).
  15. ↑ DEFENSE "ASSIKO SPECTACULAIRE".
  16. ↑ Ngo Bikoko & Olivier de Clovis Bonga Assiko à la soirée des Ndog Bessol 29/11/2014 Paris.
  17. ↑ Café de la Danse - Kristo NUMPUBY - Concert ASSIKO LAND.
  18. ↑ Kristo Numpuby - 4 - LIVE at Afrikafestival Hertme 2007.
  19. ↑ Kristo Numpuby - 6 - LIVE at Afrikafestival Hertme 2007.
  20. ↑ Jean Bikoko Aladin - hiki djâm li gwée ngèn (Wanda ntet - production abbia).
  21. ↑ Clip Fleur DEVAULT (Too me keneg).
  22. ↑ Clip Fleur Devault (Wetama).
  23. ↑ Clip Fleur Devault (Yacob).
  24. ↑ Clip Fleur Devault Cantiq Assiko 01 Ngéda Man Nyambe.
  25. ↑ Papa Clip Fleur devault.
  26. ↑ Fleur Devault - Ngéda me nhonol mbasa nwet.
  27. ↑ Samson - assiko king's (Come back vol 2 - ebobolo fia 1987).
  28. ↑ Samson "Chaud Gars" - petit papa (La différence - Ebobolo fia 1985).
  29. ↑ ngata ngahi.
  30. ↑ JEAN BIKOKO ALADIN Likalo.
  31. ↑ OLIVIER DE CLOVIS A LISSA.flv.
  32. ↑ Olivier Declovis BONGA wem nunu.
  33. ↑ Olivier Declovis BONGA azuk na kwa.mp4.
  34. ↑ OLIVIER DECLOVIS BONGA Amitié Inde Camerounassiko.
  35. ↑ JEAN BIKOKO ALADIN.
  36. ↑ Encyclopedia d'Assiko's second set at Limbe's Festival of Traditional Music & Dance.
  37. ↑ Encyclopedie d'Assiko at "Camtogether Under the Volcano".
  38. ↑ Samson chaud gars Bôlo Cellucam, Original ( Complete).
  39. ↑ Jean Fabrice Ngbwa, Makossa in Cameroon, Music In Africa, 4 November 2015. Access note: Public substantive historical/context body read. Historical claims are dated; no media accessed.

Hotspot mushrooms

A Bassa/Eséka–Edéa–Douala connected repertoire landscape, more geographically and socially specific than national popular music. The old broad French circle lacks genre-specific support in this review and is removed rather than inferred from similarly named associations.

The fields express editorial judgments about relative musical affinity and reach, not measured audience shares. Radius is the zero edge of a linear fade; same-genre overlaps combine by maximum.

MuGlobe hotspot mushrooms
ID Location Latitude Longitude Radius (km) Strength Notes
assiko-bassa-littoral Bassa–Littoral Assiko landscape 3.85 10.55 350 0.76 Connected village, town, ceremonial and professional practice around Eséka, Edéa and Douala.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.muglobe.com/w/index.php?title=Assiko&oldid=2139"