Waila

Summary

Waila, also called chicken scratch and sometimes spelled vaila, is an O'odham-associated social dance music of the Arizona–Sonora region and connected communities. Accordion, saxophone, guitar, bass and drums can form a familiar band, with instrumental tunes serving dances shaped through local practice. Regional Mexican and European-derived dance resources belong to its history, but the result is a distinct community musical world. It should not be treated as merely imported polka or generic Native American music. The relationship between band, dancers and social gathering is central to what the category means.

Contemporary and trending

The music remains part of community dances, family and school events, celebrations and bands that sustain a local audience. O'odham Action News documented a Salt River community school dance in a January 2026 article, illustrating an everyday social setting rather than only a heritage festival. Such occasions make continuity visible through participation across generations. Musicians can include different regional dance repertoires without losing a recognizable local purpose. A distant listener gains more by understanding those social relationships than by looking for a single internationally famous recording to stand for the whole practice.

History

O'odham communities developed dance-band approaches through regional exchange and local adaptation, making outside instrumental resources part of their own social life. Borders, settlement and changing technology shaped the conditions in which bands and dancers met. Recording later made selected groups available to wider audiences, but the community dance remained a central reference. The music's history is therefore neither an isolated survival nor a simple copy of neighboring Mexican music. Local taste, language and participation gave borrowed forms a different cultural identity and practical use.

Musical characteristics

Listen for the tune's clear phrasing and the way the band maintains a smooth, dance-supporting pulse. Accordion and saxophone can provide contrasting melodic colors, while guitar, bass and drums establish the movement underneath. Polka-associated rhythms and other dance types appear through regional practice, with dancers' steps helping explain changes of feel. Instrumental repetition creates a stable social space rather than necessarily building toward a concert-style climax. The music's effect depends on balance and timing, so a shared tune title or accordion alone does not reveal the full relationship between this tradition and its neighbors.

Geography and communities

The relevant landscape crosses southern and central Arizona and adjacent northern Sonora through O'odham communities and their social connections. Tucson, Phoenix-area communities and rural places are clues to one regional world, not automatic separate city peaks. A broad field centered in the borderland keeps the intervening communities visible. The US–Mexico line does not describe the tradition's full cultural geography, while a large circle cannot assert specific community or territorial boundaries. It is an illustrative first pass for music discovery, leaving finer local distinctions in the article and future editorial refinement.

Artists

Community bands and their dancers are the primary entry points. The named Molina Music performance in the Salt River community account provides a concrete example of the tradition serving a local gathering. Archival and community recordings associated with O'odham bands offer other routes, and Native media discussions introduce practitioners in their own setting. A catalogue organized only around national celebrities would miss this music's scale and purpose. Compare the melody with the dancers' movement and the rhythm section's steadiness rather than expecting an individual star to explain the entire experience.

Representative performances

These recordings offer listening examples of the genre. Notes identify the performance setting and any adaptation or mixed repertoire.

MuGlobe listening profile

Repertoire	Field use	Notes
traditional	regional	Comprehensive catalogue; recent discovery is prioritized and worthwhile older music remains playable. Preserve specific recording contexts and dates.

MuGlobe representative performances

Artist	Performance / song / title	Embedded player URL	Notes	Repertoire kind	Repertoire date	Recording date	Format	Opening	Places	Fit	Evidence	Review note	MuGlobe favorite	Current hit	Authentic
The Joaquin Brothers	Hohokam Choti	https://www.youtube.com/embed/acvfSz2Gvto	The label identifies this as a Joaquin Brothers track from their 1975 recordings. The choti dance tune introduces the O’odham waila band tradition through historical released audio.	unknown	unknown	unknown	unknown	unknown	unknown	pending	Existing recording	Legacy accepted recording retained during curation-field migration; no new age or geographic claims.	false	false	false
Southern Scratch	Salt River, Arizona — December 8, 2018	https://www.youtube.com/embed/uJvUAugJU2g	A community videographer’s concert recording offers a later Southern Scratch performance to compare with the archival Joaquin Brothers selection. It is audience documentation, with the group and setting identified by the uploader.	unknown	unknown	unknown	unknown	unknown	unknown	pending	Existing recording	Legacy accepted recording retained during curation-field migration; no new age or geographic claims.	false	false	false
The American Indians Waila Band	American indians 6-22-25 @San Xavier Rock house for San Juan feast	https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZHAY9TXKyLE	Actual owner-published O’odham community dance-band performance for San Juan feast at San Xavier Rock House. Individual tune and musician names uncredited; retain honest ensemble/event credit. Only one excerpt selected from this event, no longer parent or same-event camera copies counted. Source: American Indians Waila Band. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2025-06-22; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2025-06-22	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Actual owner-published O’odham community dance-band performance for San Juan feast at San Xavier Rock House. Individual tune and musician names uncredited; retain honest ensemble/event credit. Only one excerpt selected from this event, no longer parent or same-event camera copies counted. Source: American Indians Waila Band. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
The American Indians Waila Band	The American Indians Anegam village 12-31-2025 New Year’s Eve	https://www.youtube.com/embed/uDiZKkMMV6M	Actual owner-published O’odham community dance-band performance for New Year’s Eve in Anegam village. Individual tune and musician names uncredited; retain honest ensemble/event credit. Only one excerpt selected from this event, no longer parent or same-event camera copies counted. Source: American Indians Waila Band. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2026-01-02; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2025-12-31	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Actual owner-published O’odham community dance-band performance for New Year’s Eve in Anegam village. Individual tune and musician names uncredited; retain honest ensemble/event credit. Only one excerpt selected from this event, no longer parent or same-event camera copies counted. Source: American Indians Waila Band. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
The American Indians Waila Band	American Indians 10-03-2025@San Xavier Saint Francis of Assisi feast day	https://www.youtube.com/embed/kM3UN_f7W5w	Actual owner-published O’odham community dance-band performance for Saint Francis feast at San Xavier. Individual tune and musician names uncredited; retain honest ensemble/event credit. Only one excerpt selected from this event, no longer parent or same-event camera copies counted. Source: American Indians Waila Band. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2025-10-05; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2025-10-03	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Actual owner-published O’odham community dance-band performance for Saint Francis feast at San Xavier. Individual tune and musician names uncredited; retain honest ensemble/event credit. Only one excerpt selected from this event, no longer parent or same-event camera copies counted. Source: American Indians Waila Band. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
The American Indians Waila Band	American Indians in WO’OSON (ElbBajio) Sonora Mexico TOHONO O’odham Je:wed 7-25-26	https://www.youtube.com/embed/9Aq_jYuaqOE	Actual owner-published performance in Wo’oson (El Bajio), Sonora, expressly identified as Tohono O’odham Je:wed, 25 July 2026. Indigenous cross-border community context, not all Mexican accordion music. One event excerpt only, no longer same-event parent selected. Source: American Indians Waila Band. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2026-07-27; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2026-07-25	live	unknown	country:mexico	supported	Recording/context source	Actual owner-published performance in Wo’oson (El Bajio), Sonora, expressly identified as Tohono O’odham Je:wed, 25 July 2026. Indigenous cross-border community context, not all Mexican accordion music. One event excerpt only, no longer same-event parent selected. Source: American Indians Waila Band. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Cruz	Cruz Band @Waila Festival 2025	https://www.youtube.com/embed/8IcTnK4dw6s	Actual Cruz band performance at Waila Festival 2025. Specific O’odham band/community event, not unrelated song titles or generic Native music; unnamed individual instrumentalists credited collectively. Source: PBrizzle. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2025-05-20; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2025	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Actual Cruz band performance at Waila Festival 2025. Specific O’odham band/community event, not unrelated song titles or generic Native music; unnamed individual instrumentalists credited collectively. Source: PBrizzle. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Cruz	San Xavier, AZ - Cruz 05.23.2026	https://www.youtube.com/embed/vtCp2YKjbus	Actual band-published community dance performance in San Xavier, Arizona. Channel explicitly identifies Cruz as Tohono O’odham Waila. Coherent continuous live programme excerpt counts once, tune titles uncredited. Distinct dated event from other selected Cruz recordings; no separate cuts of this same master or full parent programme selected. Source: Cruz, Tohono O'odham Waila. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2026-05-24; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2026-05-23	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Actual band-published community dance performance in San Xavier, Arizona. Channel explicitly identifies Cruz as Tohono O’odham Waila. Coherent continuous live programme excerpt counts once, tune titles uncredited. Distinct dated event from other selected Cruz recordings; no separate cuts of this same master or full parent programme selected. Source: Cruz, Tohono O'odham Waila. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Cruz	Coldfields, AZ - Cruz 06.13.2026	https://www.youtube.com/embed/YAdYwIQgpxQ	Actual band-published community dance performance in Coldfields, Arizona. Channel explicitly identifies Cruz as Tohono O’odham Waila. Coherent continuous live programme excerpt counts once, tune titles uncredited. Distinct dated event from other selected Cruz recordings; no separate cuts of this same master or full parent programme selected. Source: Cruz, Tohono O'odham Waila. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2026-06-16; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2026-06-13	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Actual band-published community dance performance in Coldfields, Arizona. Channel explicitly identifies Cruz as Tohono O’odham Waila. Coherent continuous live programme excerpt counts once, tune titles uncredited. Distinct dated event from other selected Cruz recordings; no separate cuts of this same master or full parent programme selected. Source: Cruz, Tohono O'odham Waila. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Cruz	Gahka, AZ - Cruz 06.20.2026	https://www.youtube.com/embed/opprXsa63_k	Actual band-published community dance performance in Gahka, Arizona. Channel explicitly identifies Cruz as Tohono O’odham Waila. Coherent continuous live programme excerpt counts once, tune titles uncredited. Distinct dated event from other selected Cruz recordings; no separate cuts of this same master or full parent programme selected. Source: Cruz, Tohono O'odham Waila. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2026-06-23; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2026-06-20	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Actual band-published community dance performance in Gahka, Arizona. Channel explicitly identifies Cruz as Tohono O’odham Waila. Coherent continuous live programme excerpt counts once, tune titles uncredited. Distinct dated event from other selected Cruz recordings; no separate cuts of this same master or full parent programme selected. Source: Cruz, Tohono O'odham Waila. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Cruz	Ak Chin, AZ (T.O.N.) - Cruz 01.10.2026	https://www.youtube.com/embed/rTpQeg1mL54	Actual band-published community dance performance in Ak Chin, Tohono O’odham Nation, Arizona. Channel explicitly identifies Cruz as Tohono O’odham Waila. Coherent continuous live programme excerpt counts once, tune titles uncredited. Distinct dated event from other selected Cruz recordings; no separate cuts of this same master or full parent programme selected. Source: Cruz, Tohono O'odham Waila. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2026-01-14; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2026-01-10	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Actual band-published community dance performance in Ak Chin, Tohono O’odham Nation, Arizona. Channel explicitly identifies Cruz as Tohono O’odham Waila. Coherent continuous live programme excerpt counts once, tune titles uncredited. Distinct dated event from other selected Cruz recordings; no separate cuts of this same master or full parent programme selected. Source: Cruz, Tohono O'odham Waila. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Cruz	Ak Chin, AZ (T.O.N.) - Cruz 07.03.2026	https://www.youtube.com/embed/S0yQVTOGgLU	Actual band-published community dance performance in Ak Chin, Tohono O’odham Nation, Arizona. Channel explicitly identifies Cruz as Tohono O’odham Waila. Coherent continuous live programme excerpt counts once, tune titles uncredited. Distinct dated event from other selected Cruz recordings; no separate cuts of this same master or full parent programme selected. Source: Cruz, Tohono O'odham Waila. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2026-07-05; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2026-07-03	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Actual band-published community dance performance in Ak Chin, Tohono O’odham Nation, Arizona. Channel explicitly identifies Cruz as Tohono O’odham Waila. Coherent continuous live programme excerpt counts once, tune titles uncredited. Distinct dated event from other selected Cruz recordings; no separate cuts of this same master or full parent programme selected. Source: Cruz, Tohono O'odham Waila. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Cruz	Quitovac, Son., Mex - Cruz 10.03.2026	https://www.youtube.com/embed/UI9lvjjIlco	Actual owner-published O’odham community dance performance in Quitovac, Sonora on 3 October 2026. Cross-border Tohono O’odham social repertoire, not generic Mexican folk assigned by venue. One coherent live programme excerpt, actual tune/individual player names uncredited. Distinct event, no full master parent selected. Source: Cruz, Tohono O'odham Waila. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2026-10-09; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2026-10-03	live	unknown	country:mexico	supported	Recording/context source	Actual owner-published O’odham community dance performance in Quitovac, Sonora on 3 October 2026. Cross-border Tohono O’odham social repertoire, not generic Mexican folk assigned by venue. One coherent live programme excerpt, actual tune/individual player names uncredited. Distinct event, no full master parent selected. Source: Cruz, Tohono O'odham Waila. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Cruz	Phoenix, AZ - Cruz 02.28.2026	https://www.youtube.com/embed/GfNR-2bNXTA	Actual band-published Phoenix performance on 28 February 2026, specific Tohono O’odham Waila identity supplied by owner channel. One coherent event excerpt, tune names unknown rather than invented. Distinct dated performance from other Cruz programmes. Source: Cruz, Tohono O'odham Waila. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2026-03-01; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2026-02-28	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Actual band-published Phoenix performance on 28 February 2026, specific Tohono O’odham Waila identity supplied by owner channel. One coherent event excerpt, tune names unknown rather than invented. Distinct dated performance from other Cruz programmes. Source: Cruz, Tohono O'odham Waila. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Southern Scratch	Southern Scratch Tucson Az 2025	https://www.youtube.com/embed/HKG_DDgfXUU	Actual Tucson 2025 performance specifically described as cumbia waila, uploaded January 2026. Native O’odham band’s social dance adaptation; cumbia title alone would not establish this genre. Only one of the unnumbered same-uploader 2025 event clips selected pending tune comparison. Source: Swiss Miss Lopez. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2026-01-09; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2025	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Actual Tucson 2025 performance specifically described as cumbia waila, uploaded January 2026. Native O’odham band’s social dance adaptation; cumbia title alone would not establish this genre. Only one of the unnumbered same-uploader 2025 event clips selected pending tune comparison. Source: Swiss Miss Lopez. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Southern Scratch	MCT 2018- Southern Scratch	https://www.youtube.com/embed/okPuMy_-4lo	Actual Mul Chu Tha 2018 community festival performance, distinct event from 2025 Tucson and existing December 2018 Salt River recording. Unknown individual musician names retained as honest ensemble credit. Source: Kris Lewis. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2018-03-23; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2018	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Actual Mul Chu Tha 2018 community festival performance, distinct event from 2025 Tucson and existing December 2018 Salt River recording. Unknown individual musician names retained as honest ensemble credit. Source: Kris Lewis. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Papago Warrior	Waila Music Video: Papago Warrior at O'odham Solidarity Project	https://www.youtube.com/embed/mqOhEtqvCAA	Actual O’odham Solidarity Project Spring Gathering 2013 live waila performance on the border, community youth videographers documented by Brenda Norrell. Individual musicians unnamed; no invented source guitarist from filmmaker identity. Source: Brenda Norrell. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2013-04-26; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2013	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Actual O’odham Solidarity Project Spring Gathering 2013 live waila performance on the border, community youth videographers documented by Brenda Norrell. Individual musicians unnamed; no invented source guitarist from filmmaker identity. Source: Brenda Norrell. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Papago Warrior	Papago Warrior	https://www.youtube.com/embed/kR3sptGt3w8	Native Love, actual Tohono O’odham Nation Rodeo and Fair performance in Sells on 3 February 2007. Specific band and community event, not unrelated Native Love namesake songs. Distinct event from 2013 gathering. Source: MRRONALDGARCIA. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2007-05-11; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2007-02-03	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Native Love, actual Tohono O’odham Nation Rodeo and Fair performance in Sells on 3 February 2007. Specific band and community event, not unrelated Native Love namesake songs. Distinct event from 2013 gathering. Source: MRRONALDGARCIA. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Pima Express	I Will Follow the Sun	https://www.youtube.com/embed/HZl50Lyu-IY	I Will Follow the Sun, actual Canyon Together We’ll Fade Away: Waila from the Pima track. Publisher describes this specific project as Native social-dance/chicken-scratch repertoire and credits Pima Express composition; not assumed a Beatles cover from common title. 2003 catalogue release/2018 redistribution, original session unknown. Source: Pima Express - Topic. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2018-08-10; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	I Will Follow the Sun, actual Canyon Together We’ll Fade Away: Waila from the Pima track. Publisher describes this specific project as Native social-dance/chicken-scratch repertoire and credits Pima Express composition; not assumed a Beatles cover from common title. 2003 catalogue release/2018 redistribution, original session unknown. Source: Pima Express - Topic. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Pima Express	Pima Express at 2024 Mul Chu Tha	https://www.youtube.com/embed/IuQP2VY2NF8	Actual Mul Chu Tha festival performance on 15 March 2024, source explicitly identifies waila/cumbia and Gila River Indian Community. Named Pima community band’s adopted social-dance arrangement, not every adjacent country/rock item in its catalogue. Source: D. Jacks. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2024-03-17; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2024-03-15	live	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	Actual Mul Chu Tha festival performance on 15 March 2024, source explicitly identifies waila/cumbia and Gila River Indian Community. Named Pima community band’s adopted social-dance arrangement, not every adjacent country/rock item in its catalogue. Source: D. Jacks. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Young Waila Musicians	La Sab - Young Waila Musicians	https://www.youtube.com/embed/PSOh3f7Wn7s	La Sab and Cuba, two distinct actual Larry S. Albright Cumbia !!! anthology recordings released 2000, redistributed 2015. Specifically named community Waila ensemble, alongside documented O’odham bands in the collection; no inference that all commercial cumbia belongs to waila. Original sessions unknown. Source: Release - Topic. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2015-10-15; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	La Sab and Cuba, two distinct actual Larry S. Albright Cumbia !!! anthology recordings released 2000, redistributed 2015. Specifically named community Waila ensemble, alongside documented O’odham bands in the collection; no inference that all commercial cumbia belongs to waila. Original sessions unknown. Source: Release - Topic. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Young Waila Musicians	Cuba - Young Waila Musicians	https://www.youtube.com/embed/dfSRIuLxAcU	La Sab and Cuba, two distinct actual Larry S. Albright Cumbia !!! anthology recordings released 2000, redistributed 2015. Specifically named community Waila ensemble, alongside documented O’odham bands in the collection; no inference that all commercial cumbia belongs to waila. Original sessions unknown. Source: Release - Topic. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2015-10-15; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:united-states	supported	Recording/context source	La Sab and Cuba, two distinct actual Larry S. Albright Cumbia !!! anthology recordings released 2000, redistributed 2015. Specifically named community Waila ensemble, alongside documented O’odham bands in the collection; no inference that all commercial cumbia belongs to waila. Original sessions unknown. Source: Release - Topic. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false

Related genres

Norteño, Polka and other regional dance forms illuminate musical relationships without replacing O'odham identity. Cumbia may appear within a community dance's broader repertoire, as the Salt River account shows. Powwow belongs to a different Indigenous performance formation and should not be used as a generic category for waila. Shared community participation or instrumentation is a reason to explore connections, not to erase distinct social and musical histories.

Hotspot mushrooms

Waila belongs to an O’odham-centered Arizona–Sonora social-dance landscape with connected urban and rural communities. One broad borderland field preserves the continuity between them and avoids using national borders, band addresses or a generic Indigenous-music category as substitutes for musical geography.

These fields are editorial illustrations of musical affinity and cultural reach, not listener statistics. Radius marks the zero edge of the fade; overlapping fields of this genre combine by maximum.

MuGlobe hotspot mushrooms

ID	Location	Latitude	Longitude	Radius (km)	Strength	Notes
waila-oodham-borderlands	O’odham Arizona–Sonora waila dance landscapes	32.3	-111.5	650	1	A broad regional core connects rural communities, southern Arizona and Phoenix-area social networks across the international border.