Takamba

Summary

Songhay–Tuareg dance music joining tehardent/kurbu lute, calabash rhythm, voice and characteristic social dance, including amplified ensembles.

Contemporary and trending

Amplified ensembles perform for celebrations, including weddings in Bamako. Displacement from northern Mali has redirected performance work.

History

Songhay and Tuareg encounters underlie several origin narratives. Ensemble amplification and recording expanded during the late twentieth century.

Musical characteristics

Tehardent/kurbu lute, calabash percussion, voice and characteristic dancing form the ensemble. Amplification preserves a recognizable instrumental and rhythmic identity.

Geography and communities

Gao–Timbuktu and the middle Niger are central, with Bamako celebration circuits and Songhay/Tamasheq networks in neighbouring countries.

Artists

Super Onze de Gao, founded in 1979, and Super Khoumeissa are important ensembles. Ahmed Ag Assalat and Yehia Mbala Samake are documented lute players; Issa Touré and Babah Salah connect the repertoire with wider popular performance.

Representative performances

MuGlobe listening profile

Repertoire	Field use	Notes
traditional	regional	Comprehensive catalogue; recent discovery is prioritized and worthwhile older music remains playable. Preserve specific recording contexts and dates.

MuGlobe representative performances

Artist	Performance / song / title	Embedded player URL	Notes	Repertoire kind	Repertoire date	Recording date	Format	Opening	Places	Fit	Evidence	Review note	MuGlobe favorite	Current hit	Authentic
Tallawit Timbouctou (Aghaly Ag Amoumine and ensemble)	Tallawit Timbouctou - Khoumeissa	https://www.youtube.com/embed/9cUciEMFXj4	Primary Sahel Sounds publication of eight distinct named songs from Hali Diallo, released November 2018 and recorded at bandleader Aghaly Ag Amoumine’s home in Timbuktu. Amplified tehardent lute, calabash percussion and voice identify actual northern Malian Takamba. The original session flows between songs; these are separate named musical works and the complete album, promo and duplicate Topic masters are not selected. No precise session date inferred from release. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2018-10-31; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Primary Sahel Sounds publication of eight distinct named songs from Hali Diallo, released November 2018 and recorded at bandleader Aghaly Ag Amoumine’s home in Timbuktu. Amplified tehardent lute, calabash percussion and voice identify actual northern Malian Takamba. The original session flows between songs; these are separate named musical works and the complete album, promo and duplicate Topic masters are not selected. No precise session date inferred from release. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Tallawit Timbouctou (Aghaly Ag Amoumine and ensemble)	Tallawit Timbouctou - Abacabok	https://www.youtube.com/embed/XNshKDx5uIw	Primary Sahel Sounds publication of eight distinct named songs from Hali Diallo, released November 2018 and recorded at bandleader Aghaly Ag Amoumine’s home in Timbuktu. Amplified tehardent lute, calabash percussion and voice identify actual northern Malian Takamba. The original session flows between songs; these are separate named musical works and the complete album, promo and duplicate Topic masters are not selected. No precise session date inferred from release. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2018-11-02; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Primary Sahel Sounds publication of eight distinct named songs from Hali Diallo, released November 2018 and recorded at bandleader Aghaly Ag Amoumine’s home in Timbuktu. Amplified tehardent lute, calabash percussion and voice identify actual northern Malian Takamba. The original session flows between songs; these are separate named musical works and the complete album, promo and duplicate Topic masters are not selected. No precise session date inferred from release. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Tallawit Timbouctou (Aghaly Ag Amoumine and ensemble)	Tallawit Timbouctou - Kanji	https://www.youtube.com/embed/kZtNVEPMQjo	Primary Sahel Sounds publication of eight distinct named songs from Hali Diallo, released November 2018 and recorded at bandleader Aghaly Ag Amoumine’s home in Timbuktu. Amplified tehardent lute, calabash percussion and voice identify actual northern Malian Takamba. The original session flows between songs; these are separate named musical works and the complete album, promo and duplicate Topic masters are not selected. No precise session date inferred from release. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2018-11-02; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Primary Sahel Sounds publication of eight distinct named songs from Hali Diallo, released November 2018 and recorded at bandleader Aghaly Ag Amoumine’s home in Timbuktu. Amplified tehardent lute, calabash percussion and voice identify actual northern Malian Takamba. The original session flows between songs; these are separate named musical works and the complete album, promo and duplicate Topic masters are not selected. No precise session date inferred from release. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Tallawit Timbouctou (Aghaly Ag Amoumine and ensemble)	Tallawit Timbouctou - Ami Cisse	https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y7V0596r0Qo	Primary Sahel Sounds publication of eight distinct named songs from Hali Diallo, released November 2018 and recorded at bandleader Aghaly Ag Amoumine’s home in Timbuktu. Amplified tehardent lute, calabash percussion and voice identify actual northern Malian Takamba. The original session flows between songs; these are separate named musical works and the complete album, promo and duplicate Topic masters are not selected. No precise session date inferred from release. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2018-11-02; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Primary Sahel Sounds publication of eight distinct named songs from Hali Diallo, released November 2018 and recorded at bandleader Aghaly Ag Amoumine’s home in Timbuktu. Amplified tehardent lute, calabash percussion and voice identify actual northern Malian Takamba. The original session flows between songs; these are separate named musical works and the complete album, promo and duplicate Topic masters are not selected. No precise session date inferred from release. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Tallawit Timbouctou (Aghaly Ag Amoumine and ensemble)	Tallawit Timbouctou - Kalitay	https://www.youtube.com/embed/XsoGwkp7d2w	Primary Sahel Sounds publication of eight distinct named songs from Hali Diallo, released November 2018 and recorded at bandleader Aghaly Ag Amoumine’s home in Timbuktu. Amplified tehardent lute, calabash percussion and voice identify actual northern Malian Takamba. The original session flows between songs; these are separate named musical works and the complete album, promo and duplicate Topic masters are not selected. No precise session date inferred from release. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2018-11-02; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Primary Sahel Sounds publication of eight distinct named songs from Hali Diallo, released November 2018 and recorded at bandleader Aghaly Ag Amoumine’s home in Timbuktu. Amplified tehardent lute, calabash percussion and voice identify actual northern Malian Takamba. The original session flows between songs; these are separate named musical works and the complete album, promo and duplicate Topic masters are not selected. No precise session date inferred from release. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Tallawit Timbouctou (Aghaly Ag Amoumine and ensemble)	Tallawit Timbouctou - Adernibah	https://www.youtube.com/embed/3e-yr0aw45g	Primary Sahel Sounds publication of eight distinct named songs from Hali Diallo, released November 2018 and recorded at bandleader Aghaly Ag Amoumine’s home in Timbuktu. Amplified tehardent lute, calabash percussion and voice identify actual northern Malian Takamba. The original session flows between songs; these are separate named musical works and the complete album, promo and duplicate Topic masters are not selected. No precise session date inferred from release. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2018-11-02; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Primary Sahel Sounds publication of eight distinct named songs from Hali Diallo, released November 2018 and recorded at bandleader Aghaly Ag Amoumine’s home in Timbuktu. Amplified tehardent lute, calabash percussion and voice identify actual northern Malian Takamba. The original session flows between songs; these are separate named musical works and the complete album, promo and duplicate Topic masters are not selected. No precise session date inferred from release. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Tallawit Timbouctou (Aghaly Ag Amoumine and ensemble)	Tallawit Timbouctou - Chebiba	https://www.youtube.com/embed/GRQB-MHRkfY	Primary Sahel Sounds publication of eight distinct named songs from Hali Diallo, released November 2018 and recorded at bandleader Aghaly Ag Amoumine’s home in Timbuktu. Amplified tehardent lute, calabash percussion and voice identify actual northern Malian Takamba. The original session flows between songs; these are separate named musical works and the complete album, promo and duplicate Topic masters are not selected. No precise session date inferred from release. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2018-11-02; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Primary Sahel Sounds publication of eight distinct named songs from Hali Diallo, released November 2018 and recorded at bandleader Aghaly Ag Amoumine’s home in Timbuktu. Amplified tehardent lute, calabash percussion and voice identify actual northern Malian Takamba. The original session flows between songs; these are separate named musical works and the complete album, promo and duplicate Topic masters are not selected. No precise session date inferred from release. Source: Sahel Sounds. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Super Onze	Super Onze - Takamba Music from Gao, Mali | Songhai Tradition	https://www.youtube.com/embed/DHcD4p7lkN4	Instruments4Africa documentation explicitly identifies the Gao ensemble and northern Malian Songhai Takamba tradition. Actual lute-and-calabash musical performance, not a narration-only documentary. Recording date unknown. Source: instruments4Africa. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2018-11-21; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	live	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Instruments4Africa documentation explicitly identifies the Gao ensemble and northern Malian Songhai Takamba tradition. Actual lute-and-calabash musical performance, not a narration-only documentary. Recording date unknown. Source: instruments4Africa. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Super Onze	Super Onze - Super Onze	https://www.youtube.com/embed/xzA8BeZ3ngM	Primary ensemble publication of the complete title song Super Onze, recorded beside the Niger at Ségou. Distinct song rather than complete album or compilation; 2011 upload is not assumed session date. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2011-03-16; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	live	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Primary ensemble publication of the complete title song Super Onze, recorded beside the Niger at Ségou. Distinct song rather than complete album or compilation; 2011 upload is not assumed session date. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Super Onze	Alhamdoulaye	https://www.youtube.com/embed/CMVVoIXfXFs	Primary album presentation actually supplies the complete song Alhamdoulaye, recorded live at the Sleeping Camel in Bamako, with Zerena Maiga on voice and Aliou Saloum Yattara and Cola Toure on calabashes. Dancers Fatoumata Sarre and Ousmane Yattara are not added as vocalists. No full album parent selected. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2016-04-05; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Primary album presentation actually supplies the complete song Alhamdoulaye, recorded live at the Sleeping Camel in Bamako, with Zerena Maiga on voice and Aliou Saloum Yattara and Cola Toure on calabashes. Dancers Fatoumata Sarre and Ousmane Yattara are not added as vocalists. No full album parent selected. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Future Takamba (Super Onze and DJ mps PILOT)	Future Takamba is playing Zadi Maiga at Festival Sur Le Niger, Ségou, 2011	https://www.youtube.com/embed/n2GxZms7AFk	Primary focused performance of Zadi Maiga at Festival sur le Niger, Ségou, 2011. Living amplified Takamba ensemble arrangement; not generic Tuareg guitar. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2011-04-26; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2011	live	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Primary focused performance of Zadi Maiga at Festival sur le Niger, Ségou, 2011. Living amplified Takamba ensemble arrangement; not generic Tuareg guitar. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Future Takamba (Super Onze and DJ mps PILOT)	Future Takamba playing Bouba Dada Maiga at Raza in Utrecht.	https://www.youtube.com/embed/tZa3A1aJpxs	Primary focused Bouba Dada Maiga and Khoumeissa performances at Rasa, Utrecht, October 2010. Two different named musical works from the occasion, with no whole concert parent selected; VJ supplies visuals. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2011-01-29; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2010-10	live	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Primary focused Bouba Dada Maiga and Khoumeissa performances at Rasa, Utrecht, October 2010. Two different named musical works from the occasion, with no whole concert parent selected; VJ supplies visuals. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Future Takamba (Super Onze and DJ mps PILOT)	Future Takamba playing Khoumeissa at Raza in Utrecht.	https://www.youtube.com/embed/kURtWuGd2eY	Primary focused Bouba Dada Maiga and Khoumeissa performances at Rasa, Utrecht, October 2010. Two different named musical works from the occasion, with no whole concert parent selected; VJ supplies visuals. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2011-01-29; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2010-10	live	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Primary focused Bouba Dada Maiga and Khoumeissa performances at Rasa, Utrecht, October 2010. Two different named musical works from the occasion, with no whole concert parent selected; VJ supplies visuals. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Future Takamba (Super Onze and DJ mps PILOT)	Future Takamba playing Yoona at Paradox In Tilburg.	https://www.youtube.com/embed/dSdkbmiPkt4	Primary focused Yoona performance at Paradox, Tilburg, October 2010, distinct occasion and work from Utrecht selections. Super Onze instrumentalists and DJ are actual musical collaborators. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2011-01-29; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2010-10	live	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Primary focused Yoona performance at Paradox, Tilburg, October 2010, distinct occasion and work from Utrecht selections. Super Onze instrumentalists and DJ are actual musical collaborators. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Yehia Mballa Samaké	Yehia Mballa Samaké (Super 11) | Improvisation	https://www.youtube.com/embed/8lwMSLoJEr4	Actual solo musical improvisation by Super Onze’s named lead lute player, filmed in Gao. Primary bearer source explicitly identifies Takamba; focused performed music rather than instruction. Exact recording date unknown. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2012-07-20; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	live	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Actual solo musical improvisation by Super Onze’s named lead lute player, filmed in Gao. Primary bearer source explicitly identifies Takamba; focused performed music rather than instruction. Exact recording date unknown. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Dumma Maiga	“Dumma Maiga at the Heart of Tombouctou Biennale 2025” #takamba #culture #africa #music	https://www.youtube.com/embed/rSys3Kp233I	Named bearer performance documented at the Tombouctou Artistic Biennale 2025 by Songhai Pride. Specific current Malian musical event, not country inferred from generic multilingual hashtags. Source: Songhai Pride . Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2025-12-30; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	2025	live	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Named bearer performance documented at the Tombouctou Artistic Biennale 2025 by Songhai Pride. Specific current Malian musical event, not country inferred from generic multilingual hashtags. Source: Songhai Pride . Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Super Onze	Abou Zeidy Maiga	https://www.youtube.com/embed/bf1jjEnVW4g	Complete named Abou Zeidy Maiga recording from Takamba, supplied by TuneCore/Essakane Production and credited Super 11. Album release 2021 is not asserted session year. Separate named work, no full album selected. Source: Super 11 - Topic. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2021-02-07; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Complete named Abou Zeidy Maiga recording from Takamba, supplied by TuneCore/Essakane Production and credited Super 11. Album release 2021 is not asserted session year. Separate named work, no full album selected. Source: Super 11 - Topic. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Super Onze	Super Onze_Alhaidou Laffiaa_	https://www.youtube.com/embed/cG_R1Hnep1M	Two distinct named songs Alhaidou Laffiaa and Adar Neeba from Jo Kanga Djiribi, with explicit original ensemble/album attribution and primary album link. June 2023 uploads preserve older album music, not new 2023 sessions. No whole album parent or alternate upload of these same masters selected. Source: Lorenzo Simeoni. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2023-06-28; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Two distinct named songs Alhaidou Laffiaa and Adar Neeba from Jo Kanga Djiribi, with explicit original ensemble/album attribution and primary album link. June 2023 uploads preserve older album music, not new 2023 sessions. No whole album parent or alternate upload of these same masters selected. Source: Lorenzo Simeoni. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Super Onze	Super Onze_Adar neeba_	https://www.youtube.com/embed/psej_PqUxvY	Two distinct named songs Alhaidou Laffiaa and Adar Neeba from Jo Kanga Djiribi, with explicit original ensemble/album attribution and primary album link. June 2023 uploads preserve older album music, not new 2023 sessions. No whole album parent or alternate upload of these same masters selected. Source: Lorenzo Simeoni. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2023-06-25; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Two distinct named songs Alhaidou Laffiaa and Adar Neeba from Jo Kanga Djiribi, with explicit original ensemble/album attribution and primary album link. June 2023 uploads preserve older album music, not new 2023 sessions. No whole album parent or alternate upload of these same masters selected. Source: Lorenzo Simeoni. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Super Onze (Yehia Mballa Samaké, Douma Maiga, Aliou Saloum Yattara and Mohamed Kala)	Super Onze - Session pour Alhousseini Minkoli (exerpt)	https://www.youtube.com/embed/BbnDym2eDKM	Primary eleven-minute musical passage from the cassette Session pour Alhousseini Minkoli, recorded in Gao in 1994. Sponsor Alhousseini Minkoli was the patron, not performer. Actual lute players Yehia Mballa Samaké/Douma Maiga and calabash players Aliou Saloum Yattara/Mohamed Kala identified by source. Honest substantial session excerpt, not claimed complete cassette; full cassette and its other cuts are not selected. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2019-02-21; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	1994	audio	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Primary eleven-minute musical passage from the cassette Session pour Alhousseini Minkoli, recorded in Gao in 1994. Sponsor Alhousseini Minkoli was the patron, not performer. Actual lute players Yehia Mballa Samaké/Douma Maiga and calabash players Aliou Saloum Yattara/Mohamed Kala identified by source. Honest substantial session excerpt, not claimed complete cassette; full cassette and its other cuts are not selected. Source: Future Takamba. Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false
Super Onze	A Fizou Touré – Super Onze de Gao !! Songhai Sound |	https://www.youtube.com/embed/jXmxmsypdVE	Specific named A Fizou Touré recording attributed to Super Onze de Gao, with tehardent/calabash Takamba context and original artist credit. Cultural archive repost, not asserted 2025 recording; title is the dedication/work, not automatically another lead singer. No selected complete album parent or alternate upload of this master. Source: Songhai Pride . Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained. Video publication: 2025-07-17; original-release and performance dates are separate. Advancing embedded playback checked 22 October 2026.	traditional	unknown	unknown	audio	unknown	country:Mali	supported	Recording/context source	Specific named A Fizou Touré recording attributed to Super Onze de Gao, with tehardent/calabash Takamba context and original artist credit. Cultural archive repost, not asserted 2025 recording; title is the dedication/work, not automatically another lead singer. No selected complete album parent or alternate upload of this master. Source: Songhai Pride . Video publication is separate from original/session date; unknown dates retained.	false	false	false

Related genres

Tuareg guitar and Tende are related regional listening contexts, with different instrumentation and performance organization.

Hotspot mushrooms

Gao–Timbuktu/middle Niger communities in Mali and adjoining Niger. Bamako celebrations and Songhay/Tamasheq networks in Niger, Burkina Faso and Algeria; displacement has redirected some performance work. Fields distinguish the community heartland from specifically documented wider use; political borders and population totals do not determine intensity.

The fields express editorial judgments about relative musical affinity and reach, not measured audience shares. Radius is the zero edge of a linear fade; same-genre overlaps combine by maximum.

MuGlobe hotspot mushrooms

ID	Location	Latitude	Longitude	Radius (km)	Strength	Notes
takamba-middle-niger	Gao–Timbuktu and middle Niger social landscape	16.5	-0.9	620	0.72	Regionally central social music; wider circulation is not evidence of equal intensity everywhere it travels.
takamba-western-niger	Western Niger Songhay–Tuareg networks	15	1.4	390	0.47	Regionally central social music; wider circulation is not evidence of equal intensity everywhere it travels.
takamba-bamako	Bamako adopted celebration public	12.65	-8	190	0.35	Regionally central social music; wider circulation is not evidence of equal intensity everywhere it travels.